DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS IN CHILD
Developmental delay
Definition
If the child fails to attain the key milestones by the
expected age (which is a range rather than a fixed point), he is said to suffer
from developmental delay. Around 10% children are estimated to suffer from
developmental delay.
Causes of
developmental Delay
Bad obstetrical history: Abortion / miscarriage
Maternal illnesses during intrauterine life: Toxemias,
infections (TORCH/STORCH)
Perinatal problems: Obtetric complications, HIE, LBW/ prematurity,
multiple pregnancy, neonatal seizures, IVH, septicemia, meningitis, kern
icterus
Nutritional Factors: Chronic PEM
Social Factors: Poor socioeconomic status, teenage mother,
mentally retarded parents.
Organic disorders: Genetic disorders (PKU), chromosomal
aberrations (Down syndrome, Turner Syndrome), blindness, deafness,
post-meningitis/encephalitis sequelae.
Diagnosis
Early recognition of developmental delay by simple method is
important. Detailed examination can be carried out later to find its cause.
Some developmental disorders (say CP) may be picked up in infancy per se.
Speech disorders, hyperactivity and emotional disturbances usually need waiting
for 3-4 years and learning disabilities till schooling begins.
Management:
The following measures
of “early stimulation” help many infants and children to grow out of the
suspected developmental delay:
- Playing with him
- Giving him toys for manipulation
- Putting up efforts to make him sit, stand and walk
- Showing him bright catchy objects
- Talking to him; Provoking him to speak
- Encouraging him to interact with others.
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